HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor - Image 2
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor - Image 3

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor

₹65.00

Overview

The HC-SR04 is a widely popular, low-cost ultrasonic distance sensor module designed for non-contact distance measurement. It operates on sonar principles, emitting ultrasonic sound bursts at 40 kHz and calculating the distance to an obstacle based on the time taken for the echo signal to return to the receiver.

As shown in the image, the module consists of an ultrasonic transmitter (labeled ‘T’) and receiver (labeled ‘R’), a 4-pin male header (Vcc, Trig, Echo, Gnd), a precision timing crystal, and onboard processing ICs on the back. It offers high accuracy (up to 3mm resolution) and stable readings ranging from 2 cm to 400 cm (~4 meters), making it an essential component for robotics, automation, and DIY microcontroller projects.

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Description

Key Specifications

Parameter / Feature Specification / Value
Operating Voltage 5V DC
Operating Current ~15 mA
Operating Frequency 40 kHz
Measuring Range 2 cm to 400 cm (approx. 0.8 inches to 157 inches)
Measuring Angle / Field of View < 15 degrees effective angle
Accuracy / Resolution 3 mm
Trigger Input Signal 10µs High TTL Pulse
Echo Output Signal TTL Level Pulse (Duration proportional to distance)
Dimensions 45 mm x 20 mm x 15 mm
Transducer Units Ultrasonic Transmitter (T) & Receiver (R)
Connector Pinout 4 Pins: Vcc, Trig, Echo, Gnd (2.54mm pitch)

 

Pinout & Functional Description

  • Vcc: Power supply input pin (5V DC).
  • Trig (Trigger): Input pin used to initiate distance measurement. Sending a 10µs HIGH pulse triggers the module to emit 8 bursts of 40 kHz ultrasonic waves.
  • Echo: Output pin that goes HIGH for the exact duration it takes for the ultrasonic wave to travel to the target and reflect back. Distance is calculated using: Distance = (Time × Speed of Sound) / 2.
  • Gnd: Ground connection (0V).

Applications and Uses

  • Obstacle Avoidance in Robotics: Widely used in autonomous rovers, mobile robots, and line-following vehicles to detect obstacles ahead and navigate around them.
  • Distance Measurement & Proximity Sensing: Used in digital measuring tapes, electronic tape measures, and proximity warning devices.
  • Liquid Level & Water Tank Monitoring: Mounted at the top of water tanks or liquid containers to measure distance to the water surface and determine liquid level.
  • Parking Sensors & Vehicle Assistance: Integrated into smart parking systems, garage docking helpers, and automotive reverse parking assistants.
  • Security & Intrusion Detection: Deployed in intruder alarm systems to detect movement or presence within a specific zone.
  • IoT & STEM Educational Projects: Commonly used with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266/ESP32, and STM32 for robotics labs, school science models, and IoT prototypes.

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HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor

₹65.00